خدایان قدیم: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

خدایان قدیم (نمایش مبدأ)

نسخهٔ ‏۱۹ اکتبر ۲۰۱۸، ساعت ۱۱:۰۶

۵٬۵۰۴ بایت اضافه‌شده ، ‏۱۹ اکتبر ۲۰۱۸

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Amg76

۴۲۴

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 خدایان قدیم توسط [[فرزندان جنگل]]، و کمی پس از بستن [[پیمان]]، توسط [[نخستین انسانها]] پرستیده می‌شدند .{{رف|بتت|66}} پس از ورود [[آندال| آندال ها]]، و [[مذهب هفت|دینشان]]، خدایان قدیم تسلط خود را بر جنوب وستروس از دست دادند.{{رف|بتت|66}} تنها چند خاندان (مانند [[خاندان بلک وود]]<Ref>[[چنین گفت مارتین]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1242/ دین خاندان بلک وود (اوت ۱۲, ۲۰۰۳)]</ref>) همچنان آن ها را می‌پرستیدند، در حالی که بیشتر خاندان های اشرافی به  [[مذهب هفت]] روی آوردند. البته در [[شمال]]، همچنان، بیشتر خاندان های اشرافی پیرو خدایان قدیم هستند. در [[آن سوی دیوار|شمال]] [[دیوار]]،  [[مردمان آزاد]] به پرستش خدایان قدیم ادامه داده اند. اگرچه قبایلی ثبت شده‌اند که خدایان متفاوتی را می‌پرستند(خدایان تاریک زیرزمین [[فراست فنگز]]، خدایان برفی و یخیدر [[خلیج یخ]]، یا خدایان خرچنگی در [[استرولد پوینت]]), که برای آن مذرک قابل اطمینانی وجود ندارد.{{رف|دیا| آنسوی دیوار: وحشی ها}}
+==آداب و رسوم==
+اعمالی چون [[زنای با محارم]]،{{رف|نش|34}} [[برده داری]],{{رف|یش|24}} و [[خویشاوند کشی]]{{رف|نش|52}} توهین به خدایان تلقی می‌شود، البته، در رابطه با خویشاوند کشی، درجه خویشاوندی و نحوه کشتن خویشاوند (برای نمونه در جنگ) قابل توجه است.<ref>[[چنین گفت مارتین ]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1162/ خویشاوند کشی در وستروس (مه ۲۲, ۲۰۰۱)]</ref> The [[حق مهمان|قانون مهمانداری]] بسیار مقدس شمارده می‌شود.{{رف|یش‍|57}} این باور وجود دارد که هنگام دروغ گفتن در برابر درخت نیایش خدایان متوجه می‌شوند.{{رف|نش|13}}
+===عبادت===
+[[پرونده:Winterfell Godswood.jpg|thumb|350px|The [[جنگل خدایان وینترفل]] در ''[[بازی تاج و تخت]]'']]
+Worshippers visit [[godswood]]s, groves contained within castles throughout the [[Seven Kingdoms]], where a [[heart tree]] can be found. These trees, which have faces carved into them, are considered to be sacred. The heart trees are usually weirwoods, and godswoods are often the only places where living weirwoods still remain{{Ref|agot|2}} until one goes north of the [[Wall]].{{ref|agot|48}} Once all noble houses had a godswood with a heart tree in its center; However, the [[First Men]], in their wars against the children of the forest, cut down many of the trees, as did the [[Andals]] later on, replacing the old gods with their own in the southern kingdoms.{{Ref|agot|66}} Although godswoods can still be found in the south, they now serve as secular gardens.{{ref|agot|2}}
+Prayer{{Ref|agot|47}} and marriages{{Ref|Adwd|37}} are done in front of a heart tree. The weirwoods and the places they stand are considered to be sacred. They are not to be defiled by bringing animals such as horses into them.{{Ref|agot|48}}
+There are no priests, no holy texts, no songs of worship, and practically no rites that go with the worship of the old gods.{{ref|AGOT|70}}{{ref|ASOS|53}} It is a folk-religion, passed from generation to generation. Worshipers believe the old gods watch through the trees.{{ref|AGOT|48}}{{ref|AGOT|53}} Prayers are done in silence.{{Ref|asos|53}} Blood sacrifice was performed in the past, however;{{ref|TWOIAF| Ancient History: The Dawn Age}}{{ref|ADWD|29}} The entrails and bodies of criminals and traitors were hung from the branches of the weirwoods after their executions.{{ref|twoiaf| The North}}
+===Marriage customs===
+A marriage ceremony takes place in front of a [[heart tree]].{{Ref|aCoK|34}} The bride's father, or the person standing in his place (usually kin or whoever else is closest to living kin), will escort the bride to her future husband and those presiding over the marriage.{{Ref|ADWD|37}} Thus far, all the wedding gowns that have thus far been described for a follower of the old gods have been a shade of white – though her wedding ceremony was done following the customs of the Seven, [[Sansa Stark]], a worshipper of both the old gods and the new, wore a gown of ivory samite;{{Ref|ASOS|28}} [[Jeyne Poole]], during her wedding ceremony following the customs of the old gods, wore white lambs-wool.{{Ref|ADWD|37}}
+Marriage ceremonies are rather short and contain no priests. The bride is escorted to her groom, who awaits her in front of the [[weirwood]] tree in the [[godswood]], and a ceremonial conversation follows, where the identity of the bride, of the groom, and of the person giving the bride away are established. The bride is asked to accept her husband, and upon her agreement (''"I take this man"'') bride and groom join hands, kneel before the heart tree, and bow their heads in token of submission. When they rise following a moment of silent prayer, the groom removes the maiden’s cloak, and places the bride’s cloak around her shoulders, after which he will carry her to the feast in his arms.{{Ref|ADWD|37}} The wedding ceremony is followed by a feast, which in turn is followed by the [[bedding]].{{Ref|ADWD|37}}{{Ref|ADWD|49}}
+Marriage vows said at swordpoint are not held to be valid, but even if the marriage occurred under force, a lord might claim the marriage to be legal if e.g. lands are at stake.{{Ref|ACOK|35}}
+Lords in Westeros once had the right to the [[first night]], the custom of bedding newly-wed women before their husbands. Queen [[Alysanne Targaryen|Alysanne]] convinced King [[Jaehaerys I Targaryen|Jaehaerys I]] to abolish it,{{Ref|TSS}}{{Ref|aDwD|43}} but it is still practiced illegally in some parts of the [[north]], as ''"where the old gods rule, old customs linger"''.{{Ref|aDwD|32}}
+===Funeral customs===
+Specific funeral customs are not known. However, nobles houses appear to bury deceased family members in crypts beneath their castles. The [[House Stark|Starks]] of [[Winterfell]], traditionally worshippers of the old gods,{{Ref|AGOT|53}}{{Ref|AGOT|57}}{{Ref|AGOT|70}}{{Ref|ACOK|43}} buries deceased family members in the [[crypt of Winterfell|crypts below Winterfell]].{{Ref|ACOK|69}}{{Ref|AGOT|50}} According to [[Roose Bolton]], another worshipper of the old gods, the bones of his deceased son [[Domeric Bolton|Domeric]] “lie beneath the [[Dreadfort]] with the bones of his brothers”,{{Ref|adwd|32}} suggesting it to be a custom (at least of the nobility).
 == گذشته ==